据21财经报道
21世纪经济报道记者缴翼飞 郑州报道 中国5G商用已经走过四年多,随着技术创新的演进以及与各行各业的深度融合,当前正是5G规模化应用发展关键期和新一轮技术创新期。
12月6日,2023世界5G大会在河南郑州开幕。科技部副部长陈家昌在致辞中表示,5G技术作为新一轮科技革命和产业变革最具代表性、引领性的技术,正在加速影响和推动全球数字化转型的进程。5G技术与新型算力、人工智能、大数据、工业制造网络等技术交叉融合发展,5G增强技术向着更高速率、更大容量、更低时延、更强智能和更加开放的方向持续地演进。
中国5G用户有望在明年超半数
“随着5G的发展,它将带来无限潜力影响各商业领域,并推动技术进步,帮助解决全球最具挑战性的问题。”全球移动通信系统协会首席执行官洪曜庄在视频致辞中预测,到2030年,5G将为全球GDP增加近1万亿美元,其中近一半来自服务业及各应用领域,如金融、教育和健康。
目前,我国已经建成全球规模最大、技术领先的5G网络。截至10月底,我国5G基站总数达到321.5万个,5G行业应用在广度和深度上双管齐下,目前已覆盖国民经济97个大类中的67个。
中国工程院院士邬贺铨表示,目前我国5G网络比4G网络下载快7倍,上行快3倍,5G的用户数已经占全国移动用户的43%,按照目前的进度,在明年上半年5G的用户就会超过一半。
中国电信首席专家、中国电信研究院专家委员会主任毕奇预测,我国4G、5G基站加起来已经高达1100万个,5G基站到今年年底会达到345万个左右,对全球数字经济和产业链做了非常大的贡献。同时,5G套餐用户数累计已经超过13亿。但是,5G并没有出现4G时代用户流量飞跃式增长的情况,原因在于消费者流量的增长落后于移动系统容量的增长,未来可能还需要更多新应用、新模式才能赶上运营商的投资。
邬贺铨告诉21世纪经济报道记者,目前的5G能力足够应对现阶段市场的大众应用,但新兴高端应用正在兴起,5G还不适应。比如在消费应用方面,3D和VR/AR产品成熟性和市场可接受性落后于5G,而且VR/AR自身生态的问题掩盖了5G在带宽与时延上的短板,实际上现有5G还不能胜任VR/AR体验的需要。
中兴通讯董事长李自学指出,从2022年开始,中国5G发展已经进入到了第二阶段,关键在于如何推动5G应用走深向实,深入到生产的核心环节需要满足生产域的低时延、高可靠性的要求,而且行业的生产单元繁杂多样,产生的数据量巨大,高确定性网络能力、高水平算力、高效率规模复制是目前需要突破的核心能力。
“5G的主要应用仍是工业互联网,工业互联网现在在机器视觉、遥控机器人应用中还是比较好的,但是在离散制造和流程制造的生产线应用仍然不如人意。”邬贺铨认为,工业互联网的应用因现场工控系统标准碎片化而抬高了5G进入的门槛,另外现有的5G还不能适应工业应用对大上行带宽、确定性时延、高可靠与精定位等要求,对满足车联网应用来说也有所不足。但目前生成式大模型正在加快企业数字化转型进程,有望进一步带动企业对5G的需求。
中国移动通信集团有限公司董事、党组副书记李丕征也指出,5G与生产应用的深度融合是目前的主要趋势。在工业互联网、智慧交通等5G深耕领域,5G已经进一步从垂直大类走向细分的集群,从服务企业走向融入生产,从改变通信模式到重塑生产过程。未来需要进一步加强行业融合深度,通过5G标准化驱动规模化,持续推进5G跨行业协同融合,形成直击需求,深入行业,贯通IT、OT、CT端到端一体化方案,推动5G应用从定制化走向标准化,5G能力从后装走向全装,全面提速5G的规模进程。
加速向5G-A和6G网络演进
邬贺铨强调,全球主要国家、国际组织纷纷加强5GAdvanced(5G-A)演进与6G研究,强化技术布局和资源投入,努力构筑新一轮科技革命和产业变革的先发技术优势。
以5G为代表的信息技术及其他先进技术横向融合、交叉发展,尽管还面临挑战,但已勾勒出许多努力方向,其中,太赫兹技术与智能超表面技术尤为引人关注。
中国科学院院士、天津大学教授姚建铨长期从事激光与非线性光学频率变换、太赫兹科学与技术方面的研究。在他看来,5G向5G-A和6G的持续演进过程中,对网络带宽、传输速率和时延等特性提出更高要求。随着越来越多创新型大带宽应用的出现,学术界和产业界对太赫兹的研究和应用也提上了日程。
在国内产业链各方的共同推动下,我国太赫兹的研究水平逐渐提高,器件、装置、系统都在逐步建立。姚建铨表示,虽然人类尚未充分认识和应用太赫兹频段,但随着研究工作的开展,太赫兹已经从实验室走向应用阶段。
“6G给产业界展现了广阔前景,比如巨容量、巨连接、泛应用等,但要实现6G的美好愿景,除了传统方案的持续演进,产业界更需要探索一些变革性、颠覆性技术。智能超表面(信息超材料)就是解决6G挑战的途径之一。”中国科学院院士、东南大学毫米波全国重点实验室主任崔铁军表示,团队在国际上首创信息超材料这一新领域,其典型特征是可以对电磁波实时可编程调控;可以同时调控电磁波和处理数字信息,连接数字世界和物理世界;很容易与AI算法和软件相融合。这一我国自主提出的全新物理层技术体系有望成为6G变革性技术。
日前,我国6G推进组首次对外发布了《6G网络架构展望》和《6G无线系统设计原则和典型特征》等技术方案,为6G的发展提供技术路径。我国6G推进组负责人还表示,6G技术是5G代际更新的一个新技术,预计在2030年左右实现商用,而标准制定时间则在2025年左右。
工业和信息化部党组成员、副部长张云明也在12月5日举办的2023全球6G发展大会上表示,工信部将加快5G融合应用发展,夯实6G应用基础,推动信息通信企业与垂直行业企业交流合作,携手构建6G繁荣应用生态。
但随着5G-A和6G商用的临近,运营商可能会担心历史投资保护与资产收益的问题,即“前一轮的5G投资回报还没有足够,新投资是不是值得”。
邬贺铨认为,如果把5G-A当作是全面升级并且取代5G,这确实会带来新的投资,运营商对此谨慎这是完全正常的。但实际对大众用户而言,常规的5G需求可以直接通过现有5G网络来支持,一些5G-A的功能仅通过软件升级就可在现有5G网络上实现,无需新的投资。而一些有较高需求的用户使用5G-A网络,才需建设新的基站。
“5G-A的目标不是取代5G,仅是在热点区域或特定场景对5G的补充。”邬贺铨表示,如果5G-A与5G并行工作、5G-A负责支持部分有较高要求的应用场景,投资回报和新投资成本则更为合理,但相应地也需要在运营模式上进一步创新。
FreeMarker template error (DEBUG mode; use RETHROW in production!):
The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> info.copyRight [in template "1/default/newsDetail.html" at line 717, column 30]
----
Tip: It's the step after the last dot that caused this error, not those before it.
----
Tip: If the failing expression is known to legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use [#if myOptionalVar??]when-present[#else]when-missing[/#if]. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----
----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
- Failed at: ${info.copyRight.content!""} [in template "1/default/newsDetail.html" at line 717, column 28]
----
Java stack trace (for programmers):
----
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134)
at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:85)
at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.(UnexpectedTypeException.java:48)
at freemarker.core.NonHashException.(NonHashException.java:49)
at freemarker.core.Dot._eval(Dot.java:48)
at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:83)
at freemarker.core.DefaultToExpression._eval(DefaultToExpression.java:88)
at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:83)
at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:100)
at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:63)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:330)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:336)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:336)
at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:309)
at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:384)
at com.jspxcms.common.file.FtpFileHandler$11.doInFtp(FtpFileHandler.java:270)
at com.jspxcms.common.file.FtpTemplate.execute(FtpTemplate.java:58)
at com.jspxcms.common.file.FtpFileHandler.storeFile(FtpFileHandler.java:257)
at com.jspxcms.core.html.PInfo.doMakeHtml(PInfo.java:105)
at com.jspxcms.core.html.PInfo.makeHtml(PInfo.java:48)
at com.jspxcms.core.html.HtmlServiceImpl.makeInfo(HtmlServiceImpl.java:56)
at com.jspxcms.core.html.HtmlServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$ca793f53.invoke()
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:736)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:283)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:671)
at com.jspxcms.core.html.HtmlServiceImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$3864106.makeInfo()
at com.jspxcms.core.service.impl.InfoServiceImpl.updateHtml(InfoServiceImpl.java:879)
at com.jspxcms.core.service.impl.InfoServiceImpl.pass(InfoServiceImpl.java:526)
at com.jspxcms.core.service.impl.InfoServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$3b2ee07e.invoke()
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:736)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:283)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:671)
at com.jspxcms.core.service.impl.InfoServiceImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$ad3b767.pass()
at com.jspxcms.core.web.back.InfoController.auditPass(InfoController.java:614)
at com.jspxcms.core.web.back.InfoController$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$6206d7eb.invoke()
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:736)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor$1.proceed(AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor.java:82)
at org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.AuthorizingMethodInterceptor.invoke(AuthorizingMethodInterceptor.java:39)
at org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor.invoke(AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor.java:115)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:671)
at com.jspxcms.core.web.back.InfoController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$3ede9ec1.auditPass()
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1176.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:205)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:133)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:97)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:854)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:765)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:967)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:901)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:872)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:681)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:764)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:112)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:61)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)
at com.jspxcms.core.support.BackSiteFilter.doFilter(BackSiteFilter.java:50)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:450)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:365)
at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90)
at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83)
at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:387)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:362)
at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:347)
at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:263)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter.doFilterInternal(OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter.java:178)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at com.jspxcms.core.support.CsrfFilter.doFilterInternal(CsrfFilter.java:47)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:93)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:128)
at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter.access$000(ErrorPageFilter.java:66)
at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter$1.doFilterInternal(ErrorPageFilter.java:103)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:121)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:197)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:543)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:135)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:698)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:367)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:639)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:882)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1647)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)